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Do Computer Forensics Sink Without Trace

Wherever we go, we leave a physical trace behind, and science can be used to find and identify those traces. The individual nature of these traces can form a trail back to an individual.

This characteristic has been used for a surprising length of time which on investigation reveals examples such as the Chinese using fingerprints in the 700s and the re-construction of a newspaper fragment in a murder case in 1784. It is also claimed that the Emperor of China on about 3000BC used his fingerprint as a personal mark on documents, although it’s not obvious how effective it might have been without a fingerprint scanner!

These are examples of the trail that people leave in everything they do. Science is used to support the discipline of gathering and presenting evidence to courts, and the term forensics has become understood to mean forensic science. It has been more recently popularised by forensic medicine and the use of autopsies post mortem. More generally forensics embraces both science and technology in the gathering of the facts and evidence that are used to support cases presented in criminal or civil courts of law.

There are many domains in forensics, covering every aspect of the body, and a person’s interaction with their surroundings. The University of Central Lancashire illustrate this with their case studies which show the trail person leaves at the scene of a crime. We leave footprints, fingerprints and a trail of physical artifacts behind us, each capable of being tracked by a specialist forensic domain.

Since we use computers in our everyday life it is not surprising that our interactions with the virtual world also leave a trail. A magnetic medium may seem to have been cleared of files, but the traces of the files remain on the disc platter. Even if the files are cleaned of data, there is a residual trace on the edge of each sector, which is a legacy of the variation in the way that the physical magnetic disk heads move. However this new domain differs in one important respect, in that we are leaving a digital trace of our movement through the virtual world, whereas we have seen that forensics as a whole is concerned with detecting our trail through the physical world.

Apart from one discipline, all of forensics are concerned with the physical sciences, which look for concrete evidence of our personal traces. Computer forensics is unique in that it is concerned with the acquisition, authentication and analysis of digital data from cyber-space.

An expert in the field of computer forensics is equipped with knowledge of the way information traverses between our work stations. This movement of data involves its replication across networks and different forms of media. It is often held in computer memory will make a number of temporary and semi-permanent impressions of itself during its life.

As computers have grown to invade every part of our daily life, so t he opportunity for misuse have also grown. Information can be gathered across the world without moving from your desk. Computer forensic technicians follow a painstaking trail, often form computer to computer and across borders to track down the perpetrators of crimes and espionage. Given the right amount of effort and cooperation, the source of a data trail can be found.

Consider the billions upon billions of pieces of data that are transmitted around the globe every single day. This level of activity, makes it impractical to physically monitor and filter every digital conversation, and without a starting point there is no trail to follow.

Without a trigger, most data becomes sunk without trace.

Author:
Rob Wendes Msc in Internet Technology (with distinction)

Bio:
For the last 20 years Rob Wendes has been helping Business owners and professionals to improve their software development. http://www.robsabloggin.com

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Can Your Business Recover Swiftly After an Emergency?

Home Security is certainly one of the most pressing worries for anyone who cares about family and loved ones. But once your physical defensive means against home intrusion are in place and after you possibly installed some form of Surveillance, you may think that the job is done and that life is only to be enjoyed.

However most people, and probably you too, spend quite long hours of their lives at their job or work or business. You may or may not have responsibilities for what happens there, but anyhow you would not want to be involved in any unpleasant surprises.

Therefore it is not out of place you take time to look around your desk, or machine, or post and see if any dangers that you may think of, seem not to have been dealt with properly.

It is true that in any civilized place there are firm rules and laws that the employer is bound to know and respect, and that there are officers whose job is to oversee their correct application. But mistakes and faults do happen. Who should be in charge of security and well being for the very place you work in?

Could a fire start and spread nearby? Are there fire extinguishers somewhere within reach? Do everybody know the best escape route? Can all run away safely in a short time?

This is only an example of something extremely disturbing that could occur either because of technical malfunction of an appliance, machine or device, or for human carelessness of somebody in your area.

Other more disturbing accidents could possibly happen. Although the Management is responsible for preparing contingency plans, everyone, you included, can easily consult official sites calling for awareness and provide suggestions for limiting the damages of disasters.

If specific precautions seem easily affordable, you, as the diligent person you are, can volunteer to do some preparation work. If more complex study has to be devoted to certain aspects, probably a team should work on it.

Bosses would probably appreciate and encourage such an involvement. If, sad to say, something serious does happen, contingency plans should be ready for getting back to work in the shortest time with the least possible disturbance.

It may not be easy, it may be costly, it may take some time but having thought beforehand of all important provisions you would certainly have helped in recovering as soon as possible by concentrating in doing useful things, avoiding inactivity and despair.

Elia Levi is a retired engineer. He built a website to assist with a step-by-step Home Surveillance Guide to understand, design, select and set up, all by yourself the best and least expensive Surveillance System for your Home Security. Read more on the subject of this article at Business Security

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Backup Files - Local Backup Vs Online Backup

In my site I provide free report about the 5 common backup mistakes people do. One of them is to backup their files locally/on-site.

I can tell you, that I backup my data automatically and locally, but this is only one of my backup systems. If you do backup your data using automatic scheduling software to a local external hard disk, or to a network drive, what will you do if?

    A fire in the home/office will ruin all your computers and peripherals?

    Thieves will come to your home or office and will take all your computers and peripherals?

    Any other natural disaster that will ruin all your computers and peripherals?

What will you do if you lose everything?

It will be a real disaster to lose your important digital data, so what you have to do? The answer is simple, you already know how important it is to automatically backup and protect your data so all you have to do is decide to learn about the online services that will do protect your files even better and maybe even cheaper. These services will keep your important data off-site, so it will be really safe.

When you decide to backup your important files you should understand what are the threats, the most common threats are:

  • A.Virus attack — any type of backup on-site/off-site can protect your data BUT it must have version support.
  • B.Software failure — any type of backup will protect this issue.
  • C.Hardware Failure — any type of backup will protect this issue.
  • D.User mistake — On-site protection might not protect your file.
  • E.Theft — On-site backup WILL NOT protect your data.
  • F.Natural disaster — On-site backup WILL NOT protect your data.

Issues D-F will be fully protected only if you will use a reliable automatic ONLINE backup solution.

What will you do if all your emails, pictures, music, finance documents and more suddenly vanish? If you don’t act now, it might happen to you, as it happened to me…

I created http://www.Backup-Answer.com to help YOU get all the answers and Act.

http://www.Backup-Answer.com will give YOU everything you need in order to be able to backup your important data.

provide articles, guides, reviews and many more for YOU.

YOU will be able to make the best decision and save a lot of time and money by getting help from http://www.Backup-Answer.com

Good luck,
Daniel Shalgi-Shira

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Restore a Deleted File - Deleted File Restoration Software

How can we restore a deleted file? Let’s say we accidentally deleted something, and didn’t find out about it until after the recycle bin has been emptied - what then? Maybe a hard drive crash has cause us to reboot and lose unsaved information… or worse, a virus has infected the system, requiring us to reformat the entire hard drive, thusly “wiping the slate clean”, and reinstall our operating system… how do we restore a deleted file then?

The first thing to understand is this; a file, or any bit of data, is never completely lost from out computers. For example, if some government agency wants to take a bit of information from a computer, it doesn’t matter if the entire system was “purged of all data” or not. They will still find what they are looking for no matter what. How is this so? It is because the data, in one form or another, is always kept somewhere on the computer.

But how to retrieve it once it has been “lost” is the issue here. After all, don’t government agencies like the CIA, FBI or IRRS have a whole team of computer hacking techie geeks working day and night, typing away to coax out any and all information from a computer’s tight, unwavering grasp? Well, sure they do. These are the guys who write up the software programs for these government agencies to use.

Now you too can use such a software program to restore a deleted file, or any data that you once thought was “gone forever”. There’s no need to be a computer hacker with programming knowledge or data retrieval skills. All of the power you need is within just a few mouse clicks’ reach. Regain that which has become lost, and use the software to save the day.

Find out the top 3 best, affordable, Data Recovery Programs at http://www.choosereviews.com/restoredeletedfiles

Choose Reviews Tests 10 top programs and brings you the top 3! Head over to the Website now - Deleted File Recovery

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Data Loss and Data Recovery Software

Data is usually kept or stored in media like storage hard drive, storage tapes, CD, DVD, and others like flash or USB drives. Although owners can be careful about their data, accidents can happen and data could get lost. If the loss of data means a significant impact to a business, owners have the option to go to the professionals or experts of a data recovery company to help them or purchase data recovery software and do it themselves.

Treasured photos, important notes and correspondences, school- or work-related files, customer database, records, email messages are some of the many kinds of data that people store in their computers. If any of these things become difficult or seemingly impossible to retrieve by the owner, some physical or logical damage must have happened to the storage media.

Physical damage refers to possible head crash, broken motors or tapes, dusts and scratches on disks. This usually leads to logical damage, which makes data corrupted and impossible to retrieve because the operating system cannot access or extract it.

A host of things can contribute to data loss and this includes virus attack, carelessness in managing files and folders, accidental deletion of data, damaged hardware and software, corrupted systems. Data recovery is necessary in order to bring the information back from the damages that these things have caused.

Most professional data recovery companies have their own techniques in salvaging lost files. Aside from the services they render themselves, they offer their customers a way to do things on their own, if the data loss problem is simple to address. Most of their products are advertised online via their websites. They also have articles that could help people with the data loss problems.

Data recovery solutions help end users as well as service providers recover precious data that have been lost to crashes or corruption due to physical damages on the storage media. Most companies that produce this application swear on their simplicity and how effective it is.

Data recovery software is a kind of software application that serves as a utility to recover data or file by making a run-through on the drive concerned. Tools are included to help the user evaluate the damage himself and apply the necessary recovery functions that come with the box.

A package of this software application could be the answer to a person who may want to do the recovery by himself. It is cost-effective and of course, immediately available to the user if he already has one at home and another crash happens. If the user has stock knowledge about computers and data recovery and he trusts himself to do it, then a product such as data recovery software should be a good thing.

There are a lot being offered online and the manufacturers offer different approaches. The key is to shop around first and check their feedback. It is also quite necessary that the person doing the data recovery has the technical knowledge and experience to it or more damage may result.

It is bad enough that you had data loss, it will be worst if you bought the wrong data recovery software to solve it. If the data you are tasked to recover is critical, the best option still, is to consult the experts in the field.

To learn even more about data recovery visit LearnDataRecovery.com where you will find more information about data recovery software.

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Got Data?

Each of the stories that follow is absolutely factual.

  • When their clothes dryer blew up, the young couple escaped with her cell phone, their toddler son, and one shoe. The house was incinerated in fifteen minutes. She was supporting the family with her home-based business while her husband looked for work. Her business computer was now part of the ashes and rubble that had been their home.
  • A talented and creative freelance writer and curriculum developer had no time to grab her computer when she and her husband had to evacuate their house during Southern California’s wildfire season. All her current and past projects were lost.
  • Leaving her laboratory office after a long day working on a grant proposal, the neurobiologist had no idea that when she returned the next morning to review and submit the proposal - due that day - her computer would refuse to boot up. Fortunately, the problem was not the hard drive; even more fortunately, the proposal had been sent to the university’s finance department for review, and was submitted on time.

I have heard so many heart wrenching stories about people losing family memories, captured in photo albums and personal correspondence, in fires, floods, and other disasters. In this digital age, many of these treasures are stored on our computers: digital photography starts as a computer image before being printed and framed, and nowadays most correspondence is handled through email.

People admit, albeit reluctantly, that yes, they should back up their computers more often - or even at all! Despite my dislike of the word “should,” I completely agree. We really, really should back up our computers, on a planned and regular basis!

So, what keeps us from doing so? There are three primary reasons.

  1. We may be unaware of how many treasures - financial and medical records, digital images of family and friends, emails from college-student sons and daughters and, yes, those all-important business records! - are stored on the hard drive whose reliability we take for granted.
  2. We don’t like to think about unpleasant possibilities, especially when there’s no way to prevent such surprises. The young couple whose clothes dryer blew up certainly never dreamed that their house would - or even could! - burn to the ground that quickly.
  3. Many people are confused and baffled by what to do and how to do it. Even for those who are technically proficient, creating a personal backup and disaster recovery plan ranks only slightly higher than cleaning the bathroom; for the many who find technology confusing and scary, cleaning the bathroom starts looking downright fun compared to figuring out a backup plan!

The good news is that help is available for both planning and for the technology. The biggest job facing you is deciding how detailed you want your plan to be - which depends on how valuable your data is to you. There are three primary questions.

  1. If you were to lose everything on your computer tomorrow, what would it mean to you?
  2. Is there crucial business, medical, and/or financial information on your computer?
  3. Do you know where your software CDs and license keys are?

Once you have answered those questions, you can use my Backup and Disaster Recovery worksheet to create (and then implement!) your own plan. (Find the worksheet on my website at http://www.svahaconcepts.com/backups) If the technology feels too overwhelming and unfamiliar, my fellow coach Beth Lyons (at http://www.techiecoach.com) is a technical guru who loves helping people solve technical challenges.

Whatever you do - please take the time to do something. For your own sake and for the sake of your family, who need the history and the memories that are stored so tenuously on your computer, take the time to define and implement a backup and disaster recovery plan. You’ll be glad you did!

(c) Grace L. Judson

Helping professionals who loathe corporate politics and want to lead with integrity and compassion.

About the Author

I’m Grace Judson, the founder of and driving force behind Svaha Concepts.

Feeling trapped between your career goals and your loathing for “playing politics”? You can remain true to your values and integrity and still be politically savvy. For more information or to access my free resources (including my free workbook “The Five Deadly Shoulds of Office Politics that Maul, Mangle, and Murder Careers (and what to do about them),” please visit Svaha Concepts’ website.

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ISO 24762, and ISO Standard For Disaster Recovery

Disaster Recovery is an important issue during IT operation and management. For several years, there is no detail standard about how Disaster Recovery Management should be performed in the company. Recently the ISO released the new ISO for IT Disaster Recovery. Basically this new ISO provide guidance about:

  • Implementing, operating, monitoring and maintaining the necessary facilities and services necessary for disaster recovery.
  • Fallback and recovery support for the organization’s ICT systems.
  • The capabilities which outsourced ICT disaster recovery service providers should possess and the practices they should follow, so as to provide basic secure operating environments and facilitate the organizations’ recovery efforts.
  • The selection of a recovery site (e.g. considering factors such as environmental stability, good infrastructure, etc.), and
  • Requirements for ICT DR service providers to continuously improve their ICT DR services.

However this guidance is not the only important thing in the disaster recovery management, every company should also have separated policy and procedures against business continuity and also business resumption.

In the other perspective, some research also show that most large companies spend between 2% and 4% of their IT budget on disaster recovery planning; this is intended to avoid larger losses. Of companies that had a major loss of computerized data, 43% never reopen, 51% close within two years, and only 6% will survive long-term.

So this fact show to us that the IT disaster recovery is a must have because with the rise of information technology and the reliance on business-critical information the importance of protecting irreplaceable data has become a business priority in recent years. This is especially evident in information technology, with most companies relying on their computer systems as critical infrastructure in their business.

SecurityProcedure.com provide online information about Disaster Recovery Management.

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Your Small Business May Be At Risk Unless You Have A Security and Recovery Plan

Don’t think your small business is at risk? Think again. Whether you realize it or not, your business has valuable information and assets that probably are not protected right now. Your business likely has confidential client information, proprietary business knowledge or just internal knowledge that you wouldn’t want to be exposed to criminals or competitors. The loss of this information could have a devastating impact to your business. While business insurance is an important part of your protection, it cannot protect clients from identity theft or your business from unscrupulous employees or competitors.

No matter how big or small, your business needs to have a security and recovery plan in place that determines what risks you have, helps protect against those risks and sets plans in place to handle the most likely types of losses you may experience. Your plan should also look at the both the ‘physical’ and the ‘virtual’ aspects of your business.

Start by considering the types of risks to which your business may be vulnerable. What if your business information was lost or stolen? Do you have customer files or records, tax receipts, bank statements, business plans, customer work products?

Next, consider the physical aspects of your business that may be vulnerable. Do you have unique office equipment, inventory, computers or trade specific tools?

Finally, look at how you do business. Do you rely on technology, the internet or employees with unique skills? Does your business model depend on repeatable processes that are unique to your business?

Now, consider what would happen to your business if these parts of your business were lost, destroyed or stolen. Could you continue operating if you lost your client files? Could you be sued by customers if their personal information was exposed? Could you be the target of negative publicity? Could your competitors benefit if they gained access to the information? What if you lost email access for a day? What if that key employee suddenly left for another job? What if your office space caught fire or was flooded?

Your security and recovery plan should put in place the safeguards and policies and procedures to prevent some of these risks and the potential to negatively impact your business. Physical access to buildings is relatively easy to control although most small business have little more than a lock on the front door. Should you consider locking file drawers? Is inventory controlled? Does every employee have access, even to things that are not part of his or her job? Could a disgruntled or fired employee return to the workspace after hours with an extra key copy?

Your plan should consider how to protect the ‘virtual’ parts of your business also. Do you have backups of any important files? Do you have passwords, account numbers and other ‘keys’ securely guarded? Do your computers have virus and firewall protection and is it up-to-date? Do you have internet and email usage policies in place to protect your employees form harassment charges?

What about remote employees or workers who ‘take work home?’ In today’s highly mobile environment vital business information can now be easily accessed outside of your physical controls? Do your employees know how to safeguard laptops, cell phones, flash drives or even print outs of business information once they leave your workspace? What if a laptop is stolen from a worker’s car or home or hotel room? Do you have a backup of the data that was on the laptop? What if your employees are accessing your information from a coffee shop Wi-Fi? How do you know if your clients and business are protected?

Lastly, your security and recovery plan should consider how you would handle the most likely losses. For instance, if the computer that holds all your sales information crashes, you should probably have a plan to immediately restore that information from a backup. Where is the backup tape or disk kept? Who has access to it and most importantly, who knows how to restore a backup? If you office is flooded, how quickly can you relocate? Can some employees work from home or other remote locations temporarily? If client information is stolen, do you have a way to contact them?

Most small business owners likely have taken first steps like purchasing insurance and putting locks on the front door. Unfortunately, few have taken the time to really understand the potential risks to their business.

Taking the time now to at least put together an informal plan will go a long way in the event of a real disaster or other loss. Even the best planning obviously won’t protect against all disasters but it can certainly lessen the impact to your business once one occurs.

Aubrey Jones is President and founder of Riverbank Consulting, Inc. - http://www.RiverbankConsulting.com and Webs 4 Small Business - http://www.Webs4SMB.com -

Since 1996 he has worked to protect internet banking clients for one of the top US financial institutions. Visit SecurePCNews.com - http://www.SecurePCNews.com to learn how to protect your identity.

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Are You Backing Up Your Data?

Research from authorities departments proves that, most of the parties that lose their data (client records, fiscal information and so on) tend to go away of business within eighteen months. Since it can take to over twelve months to register a party, indeed, many walk out on the business very quickly. Could you come across this situation?

It’s not as uncommon as you believe. Sometimes catastrophes may be the reason for that but still not the ground, you may believe. Floods, fire, cyberpunks, computer viruses or just major technical failure can be entirely critical point in quitting your business. But such situation is quite preventable.

So what should I back up and however frequently?

A simple guideline is to back up any data that is hard to replace and restore. Client records, databases, pay sheets and fiscal accounting - all are such kind of information that require to be backed up without delay. You can as well think of backing up some significant or ordered programs that you need for running your business. It is better to accomplish the backup every single day. Make sure that all backups have been transferred from the web site so that in case of any disaster the site cannot remove your records.

Some people use computer hardware or removable disk drives to create a mirror copy from the operational disc drive. Then you’ll be able to choose which files to save and the job should be automatically executed regularly. The negative aspect of this is that it can be ruined by fire; flood, etc unless the removable drive has been taken away and put in elsewhere nightlong.

Finally, there are an increasing number of people who think about online backup options. Many internet companies will store your information for you for a monthly fee. Then you will be able to run the backup automatically.

For more information about laptop and backup visit http://laptop-support.net.

I’m moderator for http://www.laptop-support.net, and I’m hoping contribute to make grow our community by sharing my knowledge and helping people

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Data Recovery From Hard Drive

Is the task of data recovery from hard drive mishaps a difficult undertaking? Certainly not, with the software tools we have at our disposal today. We’ve all accidentally deleted a file before… but what if we find out only after the recycle bin has been emptied? Such software can save the day.

How about if a hard drive crash has made us have to reboot the system and lose unsaved data? That’s no problem as well. And if our computer catches a virus, painfully causing us to “wipe the slate clean” by reformatting the entire hard drive and reinstalling the operating system, such software can also perform data recovery from hard drive mishaps like this as well.

What if we get so frustrated to the point that we take a baseball bat and violently bash our computers into a spark sputtering pulp? Well, I’m afraid there is nothing to do in that situation… you are quite on your own with that one! But aside from that, regardless of how your information was lost, it can be regained easily without any computer hacking skills or programming knowledge required!

Remember, any files or other data never truly leaves your computer - it’s always hiding out somewhere in your system. We all have heard how when a government agency needs to perform data recovery from hard drive systems that are heavily guarded, or has had their systems “purged of all data”, they still find what they are looking for. Is it because they have a team of hackers typing away day in and day out to try to unlock the secrets from the hard drive’s greedy grasp? Well, yes - these are the people who write the software programs for these government agencies to use.

Now you too can have such power at your fingertips. With just a few mouse clicks, you can perform any data recovery from hard drive mess-ups with the ease of falling down from your chair! Get back that which had been taken from you with such software tools right now!

For reviews of 3 great Data Recovery Programs Check out http://www.choosereviews.com/restoredeletedfiles

Choose Reviews Tests 10 top programs and brings you the top 3! Head over to the Website now - Restore Deleted Files

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